Knowledge and factors associated with obstetric danger signs among married men in Dessie town, South Wollo, North-East Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and factors associated with obstetrics danger signs among married men in Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia in 2020. DESIGN: Community-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted on selected 824 men. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested questionnaires and then the data were entered into Epi-Data V.3.1 software, and analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V.20. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between each independent variable with the dependent variable, and those variables with a value of p≤0.25 in bivariable analysis were candidates for multivariable analysis. Finally those variables with a value of p<0.05 with 95% CI in multivariable analysis were reported as statistically significant. RESULT: This study revealed that the overall knowledge of obstetric danger signs was 53.8% (95% CI 50.2 % to 57.2%). Respondents aged 35-40 years (AOR=4.92, 95% CI 2.6 to 9.0), exposure to media (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 4.19 to 25.9), wife's age ≤35 years (AOR=4.16, 95% CI 2.25 to 7.69), wife who attended secondary education (AOR=1.59, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.39), participation in the Health Development Army (AOR=4.74, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.5), previous obstetric complication (AOR=4.27, 95% CI 2.0 to 9.14) and number of pregnancy ≤2 (AOR=0.42, 95% CI 0.05 to 3.38) and 3-4 (AOR=0.22 95% CI 0.06 to 0.83) were significantly associated with knowledge of obstetric danger signs. CONCLUSION: Men's knowledge about obstetric danger signs was low. Age of respondents, wives' age, and respondents' media exposure, participation in the Health Development Army, wives' educational status, previous obstetrics complication and gravidity were significantly associated knowledge of obstetrics danger sign.

Factors influencing drop-out of households from community based health insurance membership in rural districts of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Community based case-control study.

Background: Financial risk-sharing through community-based health insurance is a critical component of universal health coverage. However, its development is a great challenge, not only due to low enrollment but also due to the high dropout rate of members from the program, which threatens its sustainability. So far, the few existing studies in this area have focused on household enrollment into community-based health insurance, rather than on the number of members dropping out. This study aims to identify factors influencing households to drop out of community-based health insurance membership in rural districts of the Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based case-control study was carried out from May to July 2021. Supplemented by qualitative focus group discussions. Multi-stage sampling was employed. An interviewer-administered prearranged tool was used for collecting data. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 21 were used for data entry and analysis. The association between factor and outcome variable was determined using binary logistic regression analysis at p < 0.05 and 95% CI. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and triangulated. Results: From 525 (175 cases and 350 controls) rural household heads 171 cases and 342 controls responded, yielding a response rate of 97.7%. Of those, 73.1 and 69.0% were males in cases and controls, respectively. The statistically significant influencing factors associated with dropout from community-based health insurance were: highest wealth status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.14-4.87), unfavorable attitude toward CBHI (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.87-3.37), no illness experienced in the last 3 months (AOR: 5.21, 95% CI: 2.90-9.33). no frequent health facility visits (AOR:5.03, 95% CI:1.17-23.43), no exposure to indigenous community insurance (AOR:0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.37), not graduated in the model household (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI:1.75-5.83), being a member in the program for more than 3 years (AOR:0.55, 95% CI: 0.29-0.94), not trusting governing bodies (AOR:10.52, 95% CI:4.70-23.53), the ordered drug was not available in the contractual facility (AOR:14.62, 95% CI:5.37-39.83), waiting time was >3 h (AOR:4.26, 95% CI:1.70-10.66), and poor perception of service quality (AOR:12.38, 95%CI:2.46-62.24). Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrated various factors which positively and negatively influenced households to drop out from CBHI: wealth status, attitude toward CBHI, perceived poor provider attitude toward CBHI members, illness experience in the household, the experience of frequent health facility visits, model household graduation status, trust on CBHI committee (governing bodies), availability of a prescribed drug in the contractual health facility, waiting time and perceived quality of health service from the contractual facility, exposure to any of the indigenous insurance (IDIR and/or IQUB) and length of membership in program. We strongly recommend all responsible stakeholders give strong attention to promoting the community, and for providers to project a favorable attitude toward community-based health insurance, to achieve model household graduation, and improve quality of service by addressing the basic quality-related areas like waiting time, and drug availability).

Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge, practices, and their associated factors among nurses in Gurage Zone Hospitals, South Ethiopia, 2021.

A pressure ulcer is a localized skin injury and underlying tissue, usually as a result of friction or pressure against the surface of the skin. The global mortality rate of pressure ulcers was above 60% for hospitalized patients who wait 1 year of hospital stay. Nurses are the primary responsible body and forefront line care providers for the prevention of pressure ulcers, so nurses' knowledge and practices are the major rollers to handling this preventable problem. Objective: To assess pressure ulcer prevention knowledge, practices, and their associated factors among nurses in Gurage Zone Hospitals, South Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone hospitals from May to June 2021. Data were collected using a structured self-administered paper questionnaire from 372 participants using a simple random sampling procedure, and the collected data were checked for their completeness and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Results: In this study, 176 (49%) of nurses have good knowledge and 210 (58.5 %) of nurses have good practices. Variables having masters and above (adjusted odds ratio = 2.075; confidence interval: 1.886, 4.861), using guideline (adjusted odds ratio = 1.617; confidence interval: 1.017, 2.572), and cooperativeness of patients (1.859; confidence interval: 1.066, 3.242) was significantly associated with nurses prevention knowledge. Being divorced (adjusted odds ratio = 3.002; confidence interval: 1.023, 4.219), degree nurse (adjusted odds ratio = 2.639; confidence interval: 1.388, 3.051), workload (adjusted odds ratio = 0.480; confidence interval: 0.245-0.939), unproportioned nurse to patient ratio (adjusted odds ratio = 0.480; confidence interval: 0.158-0.747), patient cooperativeness (adjusted odds ratio = 1.859; confidence interval: 1.066-3.242), and nurses having good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio = 1.684; confidence interval: 1.078-2.632) statistically significant with prevention practices. Conclusion: The overall level of pressure ulcer prevention knowledge and practice of nurses were good. Qualification of nurses' degree and above, use of pressure ulcer prevention guidelines, over workload, unproportionate nurse-to-patient ratio, and patient cooperativeness were statistically significant factors for pressure ulcer prevention knowledge and practices. Therefore, health managers should provide continuous professional development, and ensure proportionated nurse-to-patient ratio allocation policy.

Lifespan and Associated Factors of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula Among Hospitalized Children in Public Hospitals of the Gurage Zone, Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: Peripheral intravenous cannulas are routinely used in hospital-admitted children requiring intravenous therapy. The majority of peripheral IVC lines are removed before completion of therapy due to cannula complications in children. Peripheral intravenous cannula securing is a painful procedure for children, so recognizing the variables associated with the peripheral intravenous cannula lifespan would help decrease the complications and increase the duration of cannula patency. Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the lifespan and associated factors of peripheral intravenous cannula among hospitalized children in Gurage zone public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study design among 422 admitted children in public hospitals of the Gurage zone using a systematic random sampling technique. We collected data from interviews of parents using structured questionnaires and direct observations using checklists. The data was coded and entered into EPI-DATA version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was used by using a binary logistic regression model. Finally, the variables with a p-value of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and sixty-six children (41.4%) had a short cannula lifespan (below 30 h). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [AOR = 4.975; 95% CI (2.811-8.805)], reason for removal (complication) [AOR = 3.277; 95% CI (1.924-5.583)], fluid [AOR = 2.285; 95% CI (1.274-4.100)], and blood transfusion [AOR = 2.407; 95% CI (1.005-5.572)] were the statistically significant variables associated with the lifespan of a peripheral intravenous cannula. Conclusion and Recommendation: The proportion of the short lifespan of the peripheral intravenous cannula was higher in hospitalized children and health care providers better to use low concentration electrolytes, low osmotic pressure, and weak alkalinity fluid. The cannula access might be the responsibility of the health-trained staff, and conserving immediate removal upon the presence of a signal that indicates a complication.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Depression and Associated Factors among Adult HIV/AIDS-Positive Patients Attending ART Clinics of Ethiopia: 2021.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is the most common mental health problem in people living with the human immune virus. It ranges from 11% to 63% in low- and middle-income countries. Depression was high in people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries, especially in the Ethiopian context. Even though depression has negative consequences on HIV-positive patients, the care given for depression in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia is below the standard in their HIV care programs. METHOD: International databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Embase, and Scopus) and Ethiopian university repository online have been covered in this review. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using the Stata version 14 software program. We detected the heterogeneity between studies using the I 2 test. We checked publication bias using a funnel plot test. RESULTS: The overall pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was 36.3% (95% CI: 28.4%, 44.2%) based on the random effect analysis. Adult HIV/AIDS patients having CD4count < 200(AOR = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.89, 8.99), widowed marital status (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.394, 5.789), medication nonadherence (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.15), poor social support (2.986) (95% CI: 2.139, 4.169), perceived social stigma (2.938) (2.305, 3.743), opportunistic infections (3.010) (2.182, 4.151), and adverse drug reactions (4.013) (1.971, 8.167) were significantly associated with depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy, in Ethiopia. Conclusion and Recommendation. The pooled depression prevalence among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia was higher than the general population and is alarming for the government to take special consideration for HIV-positive patients. Depression assessment for all HIV-positive patients and integrating with mental health should be incorporated to ensure early detection, prevention, and treatment. Community-based and longitudinal study designs mainly focusing on the incidence and determinants of depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients should be done in the future.